Milk thistle is primarily used for its potential to support liver health, and is commonly used as a complementary therapy for various liver-related conditions such as alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and to help protect the liver from toxins including alcohol and environmental poisons[1].
- Liver protection and detoxification: Milk thistle contains silymarin, a group of compounds known for their antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties. Silymarin is thought to reduce liver damage caused by free radicals and toxins, stimulate regeneration of liver cells, and help maintain or raise protective antioxidants like glutathione in liver cells[1][12]
: In some countries, milk thistle is licensed as a traditional remedy to relieve symptoms of indigestion and upset stomach associated with occasional excess drinking or eating[12]. - Support for kidney health: Silymarin may also protect the kidneys from oxidative stress and inflammation, and help prevent kidney damage related to diabetes or hypertension[10].
- Type 2 diabetes support: Research indicates that milk thistle extracts may help improve glucose control, insulin resistance, and cholesterol levels in people with type 2 diabetes[12].
- Breast milk production: Traditionally, milk thistle has been used to promote breast milk production[1].
- Potential cancer prevention and support: Some studies suggest that silymarin may help prevent and treat certain cancers, though evidence remains limited and inconclusive[1].
- Protection against toxins: Milk thistle may offer protection against toxic effects of drugs, alcohol, and harmful substances such as amanitin from poisonous mushrooms[1][10].
It is important to note that while milk thistle is widely used for these purposes, scientific evidence supporting its efficacy varies, and current research has limitations. Milk thistle is considered generally safe for most people when used appropriately, but individuals with allergies to plants in the Asteraceae family should avoid it[1].