Boron is a versatile element with a wide range of industrial and commercial uses across multiple sectors. Its most significant application is in the production of glass and ceramics, where it enhances thermal and chemical resistance, durability, and reduces thermal expansion[4]. About 70% of boron used in the United States goes into glass and ceramics manufacturing, with a major portion used to make fiberglass for insulation and structural components[6][7].
Other important uses of boron include:
- Fiberglass and Borosilicate Glass: Used extensively for insulation materials, strong glassware, and as reinforcement in polymer composites[6][7].
- Metallurgy: Strengthens metals and alloys, and acts as a fluxing agent in steel and aluminum production, improving structural integrity and resistance to corrosion[1][4][5].
- Detergents and Bleaches: Improves cleaning efficiency and serves as a water softener in household and industrial cleaning products[4][6].
- Agriculture: Essential micronutrient in fertilizers for healthy plant growth and used in pest control products with lower toxicity compared to traditional pesticides[1][5].
- Electronics: Key component in semiconductors, permanent magnets, and electronic devices, including smartphones and computers[2][4].
- Construction: Used as an additive in concrete, steel, and aluminum alloys to improve strength and prevent corrosion[1].
- Aerospace and Defense: Incorporated into advanced lightweight composites, protective vests, and high-strength components, enhancing fuel efficiency and durability[2][4].
- Nuclear Industry: Acts as a neutron absorber in control rods to regulate nuclear fission in reactors[2][4].
- Pharmaceuticals: Boron compounds are used in drug development and synthesis[4].
- Other Uses: Includes flame retardants, lubricants for drilling, buffer solutions in industrial processes, adhesives, leather manufacturing, and as catalysts in chemical synthesis[1][3][5].